In Missouri, a serious violation of 29 CFR 1910.146 (Confined Spaces) carries a maximum penalty of $16,550 per violation in 2026, rising to $165,514 for a willful or repeat violation. Confined Spaces is enforced for private construction employers by federal OSHA.
29 CFR 1910.146 · Missouri
Confined Spaces Requirements in Missouri
Confined Spaces in Missouri: 2026 penalties, who enforces 29 CFR 1910.146, the paragraphs cited and free tools.
Verified vs OSHA sources · 2026-10-05
MissouriGeneral Industry (29 CFR 1910)Federal OSHA Jurisdiction
29 CFR 1910.146 does not apply to construction work; on a jobsite the rule is 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA (1926.1201–1213). In Missouri, federal OSHA enforces 29 CFR 1910.146. The federal maximum for a serious violation is $16,550.
$16,550
federal maximum for a serious violation
$165,514
federal maximum for a willful or repeat violation
4.2
fatal work injuries per 100,000 full-time workers, all industries, Missouri, 2024 (BLS)
What federal OSHA is targeting in Missouri
Missouri has no state OSHA plan for private-sector work, so there is no state rule to read. What differs here is which hazards federal OSHA schedules inspections for, as set out in published emphasis directives.
Regional Emphasis Program (REP) for Grain Handling Facilities
KCM-CPL-04-00-001 · Kansas City Regional Office · effective October 1, 2024
“This Notice applies to Kansas City Region Federal Area Offices.”
Grain handling is programmed across the Kansas City region's federal area offices (Omaha, Wichita, Kansas City and St. Louis. In three states where grain storage is everywhere, this is the directive that puts bin entry permits, attendants and lockout procedures in front of an inspector without a complaint being filed.
Harmful exposures and work deaths in Missouri, 2024
Missouri recorded 118 fatal work injuries in 2024, up from 114 in 2023. BLS did not publish a separate 2024 count of deaths from exposure to harmful substances or environments for Missouri. Construction accounted for 24.
Source: BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, Missouri, 2024
Confined Spaces Cases in Missouri
MFA Inc.
$241,887Hamilton, Missouri - grain-bin engulfment fatality · 2024
A worker removing corn screenings from a storage bin in May 2024 was engulfed when the screenings shifted, and died. OSHA found the cooperative had not completed a required bin-entry permit, lacked adequate rescue equipment, failed to protect workers from falls, and did not lock out the mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment inside the bin before entry. OSHA cited one willful and five serious violations for $241,887.
U.S. Department of Labor / OSHA news release, October 29, 2024How Missouri Enforces 29 CFR 1910.146
Missouri has no State Plan, so federal OSHA has jurisdiction. 29 CFR 1910.146 is enforced by U.S. Department of Labor compliance officers using standard federal procedures and the federal penalty maximums.
29 CFR 1910.146 is a general-industry standard and does not govern construction work. “This section does not apply to agriculture, to construction, or to shipyard employment”. Construction confined spaces are 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA (1926.1201–1213), a separate standard with its own duties. It is not universal either: 1926.1201(b) carves out work already regulated by Subpart P (excavations), Subpart S (underground construction, caissons, cofferdams, compressed air) and Subpart Y (diving). A Missouri contractor auditing against 29 CFR 1910.146 is auditing against the wrong standard. The citation an officer writes on a construction site will name the 1926 provision, not this one.
Help and oversight in Missouri
Free, confidential help: OSHA On-Site Consultation
In Missouri, the program is On-site Safety and Health Consultation (Department of Labor & Industrial Relations). OSHA describes it as “Primarily for smaller businesses, no-cost, confidential consultations help employers identify and address hazards and establish or improve safety and health programs.” It is separate from OSHA enforcement; the employer commits to correcting serious hazards.
Who inspects private employers here
Federal OSHA, from the Kansas City Area Office (Kansas City) and the St. Louis Area Office (St. Louis).
Read on osha.gov and the state's official statute site, September 26, 2026.
Missouri Penalty Amounts for 29 CFR 1910.146 (2026)
Verified · 2026-10-05| Violation type | 2026 maximum | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Serious | $16,550 | Federal max · 29 CFR 1903.15(d) |
| Willful | $165,514 | Federal max · 29 CFR 1903.15(d) |
| Repeat | $165,514 | Federal max · 29 CFR 1903.15(d) |
| Failure to abate | $16,550/day | up to $16,550 per day; total capped at 30x the daily amount (FOM Ch.6) |
Missouri applies the federal OSHA maximums. Amounts are ceilings per violation. Federal OSHA reduces the proposed penalty for employer size, good faith and history (FOM CPL 02-00-164 Ch. 6). There was no inflation increase for 2026: the 2025 amounts remain in effect (OMB Memo M-26-11).
Key Confined Spaces Requirements 29 CFR 1910.146
- Evaluate workplace for confined spaces
- Develop written permit space program
- Test atmosphere before and during entry
- Provide ventilation to control hazardous atmospheres
- Station an attendant outside each permit space
- Arrange rescue services before entry begins
- Issue entry permits for each entry
Who enforces it in Missouri: Federal OSHA inspects private construction employers; Missouri has no State Plan.
The compliance checklist, the paragraphs OSHA cites nationally and what an inspector checks under 29 CFR 1910.146 are on the 29 CFR 1910.146 page.
What a Confined Spaces Violation Looks Like
Each item below breaches a specific paragraph of 29 CFR 1910.146. It is a list of requirements, not a ranking. A serious violation carries up to $16,550.
- Failing to evaluate the workplace to identify permit-required confined spaces (1910.146(c)(1)).
- Entry without atmospheric testing or with an atmosphere outside the acceptable ranges (1910.146(c)(5)/(d)).
- No written permit-space program, or no signed entry permit for the entry (1910.146(c)(4)/(e)).
- No attendant stationed outside, or the attendant entering to attempt a rescue (1910.146(i)/(k)).
- No arranged rescue and emergency services before entry (1910.146(k)).
Missouri Safety & Enforcement Profile
26,559
Federal construction citations (national, FY2025)
1,087 of them in Missouri (HazComFast count)
Federal OSHA
Enforces private construction
- Construction trades inspected most in Missouri, FY2025: Roofing Contractors (253), Framing Contractors (125) and Commercial and Institutional Building Construction (40), out of 606 inspections opened (federal OSHA and State Plan combined).
- Construction fatality rate in Missouri, 2024: 11.7 per 100,000 full-time workers, 11th highest of the 40 states BLS published (all industries: 4.2).
HazComFast count from the Labor Department's OSHA enforcement data: inspections of construction employers (NAICS 23) opened from October 1, 2024 to September 30, 2025, federal OSHA and State Plan combined, grouped by the inspected employer's 2022 NAICS industry. Industry names are the Census Bureau's 2022 NAICS titles. data.dol.gov · BLS fatality rates by state, 2024
Free Confined Spaces Compliance Tools
Confined Spaces FAQ for Missouri
Which Missouri industries most often face a Confined Spaces inspection?
Confined Spaces inspections reach general-industry employers in Missouri, not the construction trades. Federal OSHA inspects these employers directly, since Missouri has no state plan covering the private sector. A construction employer should not audit against 29 CFR 1910.146: the standard that governs the same work on a jobsite is 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA (1926.1201–1213).
How often is Confined Spaces cited in Missouri?
29 CFR 1910.146 is enforced against general-industry employers in Missouri, so the construction citation totals published for Missouri (OSHA Frequently Cited Standards, NAICS 23) do not measure it. “This section does not apply to agriculture, to construction, or to shipyard employment”. Construction confined spaces are 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA (1926.1201–1213), a separate standard with its own duties. It is not universal either: 1926.1201(b) carves out work already regulated by Subpart P (excavations), Subpart S (underground construction, caissons, cofferdams, compressed air) and Subpart Y (diving). A construction employer should not audit against 29 CFR 1910.146: the standard that governs the same work on a jobsite is 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA (1926.1201–1213).
Which OSHA rule governs grain bin entry in Missouri?
At grain elevators, feed mills and the other facilities listed in 29 CFR 1910.272(b)(1), entry into bins, silos and tanks is governed by 1910.272(g). The employer must issue an entry permit unless the employer or its representative is present for the entire operation, and must de-energize and lock out, tag, block off or otherwise prevent from operating the mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment that presents a danger inside. The standard also requires a body harness with lifeline where the grain poses an engulfment hazard, an observer stationed outside, and rescue equipment suited to the structure, and it prohibits walking down grain. 29 CFR 1910.146 does not apply to agriculture. OSHA's Kansas City region runs a Regional Emphasis Program for Grain Handling Facilities in Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri (KCM-CPL-04-00-001, effective October 1, 2024).
Who enforces confined-space rules (1910.146) in Missouri?
Federal OSHA. Missouri has no State Plan, so a compliance officer from OSHA's Kansas City region inspects and cites 1910.146 (and, for grain handling, 1910.272) directly, at the federal penalty maximums. In the MFA Inc. case, OSHA cited one willful and five serious violations and proposed $241,887.
Can I get free OSHA help in Missouri without an inspection?
Yes. OSHA's On-Site Consultation Program in Missouri is On-site Safety and Health Consultation (Department of Labor & Industrial Relations). OSHA describes it this way: "Primarily for smaller businesses, no-cost, confidential consultations help employers identify and address hazards and establish or improve safety and health programs." Consultations are separate from OSHA enforcement, and the employer commits to correcting serious hazards.
Confined Spaces Guides & Resources
Compare this combination against any other state and standard with the enforcement risk lookup.
Confined Spaces in Other States
14 other state plans write a rule of their own for 29 CFR 1910.146 rather than adopting the federal text unchanged. Those are listed first. Compare all of them side by side.
Alaska8 AAC 61.1050Arizona29 CFR 1910.146 as adopted by A.A.C. R20-5-602; construction spaces under R20-5-601California8 CCR §5157, with §5158 for spaces outside the permit programown maxHawaii29 CFR 1910.146 as incorporated by HAR §12-60-50(a), with §12-60-7Minnesota29 CFR 1910.146 as adopted by Minn. R. 5205.0010, with Minn. R. 5207.0510NevadaNRS 618.383 and NRS 618.305 (sources for standards)New Mexico29 CFR 1910.146 as incorporated by 11.5.2.9(A) NMACown maxNorth Carolina13 NCAC 07F .0207, incorporating bloodborne pathogens into construction at 29 CFR 1926.1130
Other OSHA Standards in Missouri
Sources & verification
Penalty amounts and plan-type data were checked on 2026-10-05 against eCFR, OSHA.gov, and the Federal Register. This page is informational and not legal advice; consult the enforcing agency or counsel for your specific situation.
Get the Binder in Order Before the Inspector Arrives. Are You Ready?
OSHA does not give advance notice of inspections (29 CFR 1903.6). Get the binder in order before the opening conference, not during it.
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