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29 CFR 1926.451 · 21 state plans

Scaffolding across the state plans

A state plan does not have to use the federal number, and it does not have to stop at the federal duty. This page reads 29 CFR 1926.451 in each state's own rulebook.

Verified vs OSHA sources · 2026-08-09

21 state rules read8 go beyond federal

Of the 21 state-plan rulebooks read here, 8 impose something for 29 CFR 1926.451 that the federal text does not. The other 13 renumbered the standard without changing what you have to do. That still matters, because an inspector writes the state's number on the citation and a program citing only the federal section is citing a rule that state may have repealed.

Where the duty goes beyond federal

Alaska29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 8 AAC 61.1010(c), with 8 AAC 61.1145 for exposures
“Notwithstanding 29 C.F.R. 1926.55, as amended, Table Z-1-A of 8 AAC 61.1100 sets out the standards to test limits for air contaminants for construction in place of Appendix A contained in 29 C.F.R. 1926.55(a), as amended.”

Scaffolding is adopted federal text at the current version, with the ten-foot fall-protection trigger and the competent-person duties intact. Alaska's change reaches the air rather than the structure: for construction, its Table Z-1-A displaces the Appendix A limits in 1926.55, with crystalline silica fixed at 50 micrograms per cubic meter where 1926.1153 applies. Abrasive blasting, grinding or cutting from a scaffold is measured against the state table.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-09· enforced by Alaska Occupational Safety & Health
California8 CCR §1637, with railings under §1621(a)
“Scaffolds shall be provided for all work that cannot be done safely by employees standing on permanent or solid construction at least 20 inches wide, except where such work can be safely done from ladders.”

1926.451 regulates a scaffold once you decide to use one. Section 1637(a) goes a step earlier and requires that a scaffold be provided whenever the work cannot be done safely from solid construction at least 20 inches wide, an affirmative duty with no federal equivalent, subject to two narrow exceptions for short-duration work. The railing trigger is the California one, seven and a half feet under §1621(a), rather than the ten feet in 1926.451(g)(1).

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08· enforced by Cal/OSHA (Division of Occupational Safety and Health)
HawaiiHAR §12-110-50(b), with the fall restraint anchorage rule at (b)(2)
“the anchorages for a fall restraint system shall be capable of supporting at least 3,000 lbs (4.5 kN) per employee attached. Either body belts or body harnesses shall be used in fall restraint systems.”

Hawaii incorporates Part 1926 at the 2017 edition and then adds state-specific standards that supersede it where the two meet. One of them sets an anchorage rating for fall restraint (3,000 pounds per attached employee) where the federal criteria at 1926.502 address fall arrest anchorages and leave restraint anchorages to the general requirement. Hawaii also allows either a body belt or a harness in a restraint system, and requires perimeter safety cables to meet the guardrail criteria. On a scaffold where restraint is used instead of arrest, that anchorage number is the one to design to.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-09· enforced by Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health (HIOSH)
Maryland29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by COMAR 09.12.31.01, with COMAR 09.12.32.04
“An employer shall develop, implement, and maintain an effective heat-related illness prevention and management plan in writing.”

Scaffolding is adopted as federal text in Maryland. The written-plan duty that sits alongside it is not: COMAR 09.12.32.04 requires a written heat-related illness prevention and management plan, and it requires the employer to monitor the heat index through the shift, by direct temperature and humidity measurement, National Weather Service data, or the NIOSH Heat Safety Tool. For work inside buildings without mechanical ventilation, direct measurement is mandatory; weather data will not do. Scaffold work on an unventilated interior is precisely that case.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08· enforced by Maryland Occupational Safety and Health (MOSH)
MichiganMIOSHA Construction Safety Standard Part 12, R 408.41201, with R 408.41210(2)
“29 CFR 1926.451 "General requirements," as amended November 25, 1996, except 29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2) to (iii) is replaced with R 408.41210(2) in these rules.”

Michigan adopts the federal scaffolding section at its 1996 text and then carves one paragraph out. In place of the federal footing requirements at 1926.451(c)(2)(i) to (iii), R 408.41210(2) requires the support to be sound, rigid and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling, bans barrels, boxes, pallets, brick and concrete block as supports, and adds a number the federal rule does not carry: leveling jack adjusting screws must not extend more than 18 inches below the base of the scaffold. Part 12 also adopts ANSI A10.8 (1977) and redirects the federal cross-references: 1926.502 means Part 45, 1926.453 means Part 32.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08· enforced by Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA)
NevadaNAC 618.507, with the construction project definition at NAC 618.494
“the general contractor of a construction project or, if there is no general contractor, the owner, shall install an elevator or personnel hoist for transporting workers for each building or structure of the construction project which is more than 60 feet above ground level or more than 48 feet below ground level.”

On a Nevada construction project as the regulation defines it (ten million dollars or more, or 50,000 square feet, or more than 60 feet above or 48 feet below ground) the general contractor must install an elevator or personnel hoist to move workers on any structure past those depths and heights. There is no federal equivalent; 1926.451 governs the scaffold, not how people reach the work. Nevada also requires written notice to the Chief of the Enforcement Section before construction starts, stating height, square footage, type, total cost and location, and the Chief may then require meetings with the contractor or owner.

Read the ruleverified 2026-04-13· enforced by Nevada Occupational Safety and Health Administration (NV OSHA)
Oregon29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted, plus OAR 437-003-0071, -0073 and -0074
“When using manually propelled elevating aerial platforms as covered by ANSI/SIA A92.3-1990, the manufacturer's operating manual must be with the equipment.”

Oregon adopts the federal scaffolding subdivision and layers three rules of its own on elevating work platforms: 437-003-0071 for manually propelled aerial platforms, 437-003-0073 for boom-supported platforms and 437-003-0074 for scissor lifts. Each requires the manufacturer's operating manual to be physically with the equipment and its instructions followed, tied to the relevant ANSI/SIA A92 standard. Federal 1926.451 says nothing about keeping the manual on the machine. In Oregon an inspector can ask to see it.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08· enforced by Oregon OSHA
Utah29 CFR 1926.451 as incorporated by R614-1-4.A.4, with R614-1-5.C.3 and C.4

Scaffolding arrives as incorporated federal text at the July 1, 2018 edition. Utah's General Safety Orders then state the supervision duty in its own words: management shall inspect, or designate a competent person to inspect, frequently for unsafe conditions, defective equipment and materials, and correct what is found immediately, and shall warn all employees of any dangerous condition and permit no one to work in an unsafe place except to make it safe. On a scaffold that is a continuing duty rather than the pre-shift inspection the federal standard describes.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-09· enforced by Utah Occupational Safety and Health Division (UOSH)

Same duty, different number

These plans adopted 29 CFR 1926.451 without enlarging the obligation. The rule number is still the one that appears on a citation, and in several states the federal section itself has been repealed in favor of the state text.

Arizona29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by A.A.C. R20-5-601

Scaffolding is adopted federal text in Arizona at the February 24, 2021 cut-off, with the ten-foot fall protection trigger and the competent-person duties intact. Arizona did not amend Subpart L. The structural point to carry is the one the rule states itself: the incorporation does not include amendments or editions published after that date, so a federal change announced since then is not in force here until the Industrial Commission moves the date by rulemaking.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-09
Iowa29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 481—211.1(88)

Scaffolding is adopted federal text in Iowa through the construction chapter, which now sits at 481—Chapter 211 rather than 875—Chapter 26. The ten-foot fall-protection trigger, the competent-person duties and the Subpart L appendices are the federal ones. The Iowa chapter carries a rescission date of January 15, 2030 under Iowa Code section 17A.7, which is a scheduled review deadline rather than an expiry of the underlying duties.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
Indiana29 CFR 1926.451 as applied in Indiana; 610 IAC Article 5 repealed

Scaffolding applies as federal text. The point worth carrying about Indiana is what its rule set does not contain: the construction industry article of the administrative code was repealed, the safety education and training article is repealed section by section, and the health and safety article and the mines and mining article are repealed in full. What survives is Article 2 on building and factory inspection, Article 9 on procedure and recordkeeping, and the youth employment and wages articles. A search for an Indiana scaffolding rule returns nothing because there is nothing to return.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-09
Kentucky803 KAR 2:411 (Subpart L)

Scaffolding is adopted as federal text: 803 KAR 2:411 requires the construction industry to comply with 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L, first effective December 15, 1989 and most recently amended October 4, 2022. Kentucky did not touch the ten-foot fall-protection trigger or the competent-person duties. The one construction subpart Kentucky did rewrite is fall protection, at 803 KAR 2:412, worth remembering when scaffold work and residential framing meet on the same site.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
Minnesota29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by Minn. R. 5205.0010, subp. 6

Scaffolding is one of the standards Minnesota left alone: 1926.451 applies as adopted, with the ten-foot fall-protection trigger and the competent-person duties intact, and there is no Minnesota supplement in chapter 5207 for scaffolds themselves. The neighboring equipment is where Minnesota does write its own rule: Minn. R. 5207.1100 covers boom-supported elevating work platforms and platforms carried by rough-terrain forklifts, requiring fall arrest to 1926.502(d) or a positioning device system to 1926.502(e). Contractors in Minnesota should also note the statutory layer that applies regardless of standard: employers in the listed construction classifications must maintain a written AWAIR program under Minn. Stat. 182.653, subd. 8, reviewed and documented at least annually.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
North Carolina29 CFR 1926.451 as incorporated by 13 NCAC 07F .0201

Scaffolding applies in North Carolina as incorporated federal text with the January 1, 2025 cut-off, and the state made no scaffold-specific amendment. The rule to carry across from the state's own additions is the snaphook requirement at .0204: scaffold erectors tying off during erection and dismantling are using exactly the connectors that rule governs. The state's power transmission amendment, .0206, was repealed on March 1, 2015, so line work follows the incorporated federal Subpart V.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
New Mexico29 CFR 1926.451 as incorporated by 11.5.3.9(A) NMAC

Scaffolding is incorporated federal text in New Mexico with the ten-foot fall protection trigger and the competent-person duties intact. The construction part omits Subparts A and B of Part 1926 and amends only hazard communication, so Subpart L arrives whole. Worth knowing for the paperwork: the construction part expressly supersedes the older EIB/OHSR 300 construction standards, and any reference to EIB/OHSR 300 in another rule reads as a reference to 11.5.3 NMAC.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
South Carolina29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by Subarticle 7

Scaffolding applies as federal text in South Carolina. Subpart L is not among the state's six construction modifications, so the ten-foot fall protection trigger and the competent-person duties are the federal ones, though note that on excavation work the competent person definition is the state's revised version, not the federal one. The deletions at the front of Part 1926 are the practical difference: 1926.30, 1926.31 and 1926.32(a) are gone, and Subparts A and B do not apply.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
Tennessee29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 0800-1-6-.02

Scaffolding is adopted federal text in Tennessee, with the ten-foot fall-protection trigger and the competent-person duties intact. Tennessee's construction chapter is short by design (a definition of construction work, an adoption rule, and a list of four excluded federal sections) so the substantive scaffolding requirements are the ones in Subpart L. The state's own rulemaking energy went into the Hazardous Chemical Right to Know chapter, which reaches any coating, solvent or sealant a scaffold crew brings onto a site.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
Virginia29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 16VAC25-175, VR 425-02-119

Scaffolding is federal-identical in Virginia under VR 425-02-119, effective March 1, 1994, with 1926.451 and 1926.453 amended April 15, 2011 and one paragraph, 1926.451(b)(2)(i), stayed effective April 8, 1997. The ten-foot fall-protection trigger and the competent-person duties are the federal ones. Where scaffolding meets steel erection, remember which rule wins: 16VAC25-145 displaces the federal fall-protection provisions for steel erection work, and it prohibits controlled decking zones that 1926.760(c) would allow.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
Vermont29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by VOSHA

Scaffolding is adopted federal text in Vermont, with the ten-foot fall protection trigger and the competent-person duties intact, and no Vermont amendment. VOSHA does publish separate adopted documents for the construction silica standard and for cranes and derricks in construction, so scaffold work that involves cutting, grinding or lifting should be checked against those documents rather than assumed to sit under Subpart L alone.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-09
WashingtonWAC 296-874 (the scaffold) and WAC 296-880-30030 (fall protection on it)

Washington takes what 1926.451 does in one section and splits it across two chapters: 296-874 governs the scaffold itself (planking, access, inspection, power-line clearance) for every industry at once, where federal law separates Subpart D of Part 1910 from Subpart L of Part 1926. Fall protection while on the scaffold moved to the unified chapter at 296-880-30030. The trigger there is ten feet, exactly as in 1926.451(g)(1), and the erection-and-dismantling feasibility determination by a competent person is the same test. This is the standard where Washington rewrote the numbering and left the height alone.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-08
WyomingWyo. OSHA Construction 1926, Chapter 12 (Subpart L)
“29 C.F.R. §§ 1926.450 - 1926.454 (2016) as it was in effect on June 19, 2018.”

Scaffolding is Chapter 12, holding the whole of Subpart L at the 2016 edition as in effect June 19, 2018. The ten-foot fall protection trigger, the competent-person duties and the training requirements are the federal ones as of that date, and Wyoming added nothing of its own. Where scaffold work meets fall protection, note that Chapter 13 is pinned to the same date, but the personal protective equipment chapter beside them is not, sitting at January 30, 2025.

Read the ruleverified 2026-08-09

What this changes on a multi-state job

A written program that names only 29 CFR 1926.451 is correct under federal jurisdiction and incomplete in a state-plan state. The practical fix is short: carry the state's rule number alongside the federal one in the program, the training record and the toolbox talk, and check the 8 plans above that add a duty before crews mobilize. The federal standard itself is unpacked on the 29 CFR 1926.451 page, and every state's penalties sit on the penalties-by-state hub.

Scaffolding State Plan FAQ

Which State Plans add to the federal 29 CFR 1926.451 duty?

8 of the 21 State Plan rulebooks read here: Alaska (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 8 AAC 61.1010(c), with 8 AAC 61.1145 for exposures), California (8 CCR §1637, with railings under §1621(a)), Hawaii (HAR §12-110-50(b), with the fall restraint anchorage rule at (b)(2)), Maryland (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by COMAR 09.12.31.01, with COMAR 09.12.32.04), Michigan (MIOSHA Construction Safety Standard Part 12, R 408.41201, with R 408.41210(2)), Nevada (NAC 618.507, with the construction project definition at NAC 618.494), Oregon (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted, plus OAR 437-003-0071, -0073 and -0074) and Utah (29 CFR 1926.451 as incorporated by R614-1-4.A.4, with R614-1-5.C.3 and C.4). Each imposes something for 29 CFR 1926.451 that the federal text does not; the quoted state text is above.

What rule number appears on a State Plan citation for 29 CFR 1926.451?

The state's own. In the 21 plans read here: Alaska (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 8 AAC 61.1010(c), with 8 AAC 61.1145 for exposures), California (8 CCR §1637, with railings under §1621(a)), Hawaii (HAR §12-110-50(b), with the fall restraint anchorage rule at (b)(2)), Maryland (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by COMAR 09.12.31.01, with COMAR 09.12.32.04), Michigan (MIOSHA Construction Safety Standard Part 12, R 408.41201, with R 408.41210(2)), Nevada (NAC 618.507, with the construction project definition at NAC 618.494), Oregon (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted, plus OAR 437-003-0071, -0073 and -0074), Utah (29 CFR 1926.451 as incorporated by R614-1-4.A.4, with R614-1-5.C.3 and C.4), Arizona (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by A.A.C. R20-5-601), Iowa (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 481—211.1(88)), Indiana (29 CFR 1926.451 as applied in Indiana; 610 IAC Article 5 repealed), Kentucky (803 KAR 2:411 (Subpart L)), Minnesota (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by Minn. R. 5205.0010, subp. 6), North Carolina (29 CFR 1926.451 as incorporated by 13 NCAC 07F .0201), New Mexico (29 CFR 1926.451 as incorporated by 11.5.3.9(A) NMAC), South Carolina (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by Subarticle 7), Tennessee (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 0800-1-6-.02), Virginia (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by 16VAC25-175, VR 425-02-119), Vermont (29 CFR 1926.451 as adopted by VOSHA), Washington (WAC 296-874 (the scaffold) and WAC 296-880-30030 (fall protection on it)) and Wyoming (Wyo. OSHA Construction 1926, Chapter 12 (Subpart L)). Under federal OSHA jurisdiction, the citation names 29 CFR 1926.451.

Does a State Plan have to copy 29 CFR 1926.451 word for word?

No. A State Plan's standards must be at least as effective as OSHA's (OSH Act section 18(c)(2), 29 U.S.C. 667(c)(2)), so a state may renumber, reword or go further. Of the 21 plans read here, 13 renumbered 29 CFR 1926.451 without changing the duty and 8 went further.

What should a multi-state written program say for 29 CFR 1926.451?

Carry the state's rule number next to 29 CFR 1926.451 in the program, the training record and the toolbox talk for every State Plan state you work in, and read the state text where the duty goes further (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon and Utah) before crews mobilize.

When were these state rules checked?

Each state rule on this page was read in the state's own published text, linked under it; the readings run from 2026-04-13 to 2026-08-09. The federal text they are compared against is 29 CFR 1926.451.

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